Using a remote desktop is a very convenient way to access your Raspberry Pi interface from another computer. This way, you can follow my tutorials on this website (for example) and apply them directly from the same device. There are several ways to do this. In this article, I will introduce you to the 5 best methods:
- Xrdp
- SSH with X11 forwarding
- VNC
- Teamviewer
- NoMachine
For each method, I will explain how to set it up on your Raspberry Pi and how to access it from any operating system (Windows, Linux, Mac and even from your smartphones). So keep reading to learn everything about these solutions.
1. Install XRDP on Raspberry Pi OS
Introduction
XRDP is an open-source remote desktop protocol server, which allows you to connect to the Linux desktop from any operating system.
If you need to open or redirect access on your router or firewall, know that XRDP uses the standard port 3389.
Installation
The installation of XRDP is straightforward as it’s available in the original Raspberry Pi OS repositories.
All you have to do is run the following command:sudo apt-get install xrdp
XRDP is now installed as on your Raspberry Pi, so you can manage it with the usual command:sudo service xrdp start | stop | restart | status
But you can also use the Add/Remove software tool to install it if you prefer not to use the command line.
From Linux
To connect from a PC under Linux, I recommend using a solution like Remmina.
It is included in the repositories for most distributions, so you can install it with:sudo apt install remmina
Once installed, start it and connect to your Rasperry Pi’s IP address.
If you don’t know how to get it, you can read this article that will explain several ways to find the IP address.
On my Ubuntu version, I encountered the following error:
"You requested an h264 GFX mode for server 192.168.1.15, but your libfreerdp does not support h264. Please check color depth settings."
So, I had to add it as a shortcut, as the quick connection does not allow defining the color depth.
By choosing GFX RFX in the list, the error disappeared, and I was able to connect.
Here is a screenshot of my configuration if you experience the same issue:
From Windows
The good thing with XRDP is that Windows users already have the client to connect to it. It’s the same protocol that Windows uses to allow users to access Windows servers remotely, so we can use the same tool.
From Windows start the “Remote Desktop Connection” tool from the start menu and fill the IP address:
If you don’t know the IP address, you can read this article that will explain several ways to find the IP address.
You can also type “raspberrypi” if there is only one on your network, that’s the default computer name.
Click on “Connect” and you will get the XRDP login screen:
All you need to do is enter the credentials (pi / raspberry by default) and click OK.
Set Xorg for Session if you do not know what you are doing.
The desktop will then be displayed relatively well.
In my case, the icons were a bit big, so I changed it in the appearance options, but otherwise it was usable immediately.
From Mac OS
I could not do the test on Mac OS, but there are several RDP clients that you can use the same way.
For example, download “Microsoft Remote Desktop” from the App Store, and connect to your Raspberry Pi by specifying its IP address (follow the same procedure as for Windows users once the app installed).
From a smartphone
You can also use the RDP protocol from a smartphone quite easily.
The application “Microsoft Remote Desktop” is also available for Android and iOS.
So, it’s possible to connect and use it, but don’t expect a great experience, as the smartphone screen is not ideal to control a computer!
2. Enable SSH and use X11 Forwarding
Introduction
X11 is the main Linux graphical window manager.
X11 forwarding over SSH is one way to start an app from a server when connected to it via SSH.
In our case, this will launch Raspberry Pi applications from our desktop (so it is not full access to the desktop).
This method could work from a remote location. It would be enough to open SSH port (22) from outside.
Remember to limit the allowed IP addresses in this case, and maybe set up additional protections like fail2ban to avoid any security issues.
Installation
X11 forwarding is enabled by default on Raspberry Pi OS, but you need to enable SSH, that is now disabled on any fresh installation.
The easy way to do this is to open the Raspberry Pi Configuration tool, go to the “Interfaces” tab and enable SSH:
If you have any problems you can check that X11Forwarding is uncommented and set to yes in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
From Linux or Mac OS
Using Linux or macOS, the access is almost the same because you only have to log in to SSH by adding a parameter:ssh -X pi@192.168.1.15
Obviously, you’ll need to use your Raspberry Pi IP address instead of mine.
Enter your password, and then start your app with the nohup command:nohup chromium-browser &
Replace chromium-browser with the app of your choice.
The application will open on your computer (with more or less slow depending on the case.
From Windows
If you are on Windows, it’s less simple but still not that complicated.
You will need these applications:
– Putty (which you probably already have for the SSH connection)
– Xming (download it on Sourceforge)
Once Xming is installed (the default options work very well), follow these steps:
- Start Putty.
- Fill the hostname with something like “pi@192.168.1.15”.
- Fill the Saved sessions with something like “Raspberry Pi”.
- Go to Connection > SSH > X11 in the left menu, and check “Enable X11 forwarding”.
- Go back to Session and click Save.
- Then double-click on your new saved session to connect.
You can read this article to get more details on how to connect via SSH to a Raspberry Pi.
Once this is done, your SSH access to the Raspberry Pi is kept, with the X11 forwarding enabled.
Once in the console, you can launch a Raspberry application on your Windows computer with the nohup command:nohup baobab &
This will start the Raspberry Pi disk manager on your Windows desktop:
From a smartphone
I don’t think it’s possible to use this method from your phone (tell me if you know how).
I’ve already seen people starting an X server on Android to use an android app on their computer, but not the other way around.
3. Remote Access the Raspberry Pi with VNC
Introduction
VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a system to share a graphical desktop, pretty similas to XRDP.
The difference is that you connect to the current session directly, unlike XRDP which creates a new session.
There are many VNC servers and clients you can use (RealVNC, TightVNC, UltraVNC, …).
VNC runs on port 5900.
You can NAT this port to make it available from the outside if needed.
Installation
Like SSH, VNC is already installed on any Raspberry Pi OS version so we just need to enable it.
To do this, open the Raspberry Pi configuration tool, go to the “Interfaces” tab and check the “Enabled” box on the VNC line.
That’s it, the VNC server is installed and ready to use.
From Linux
On Linux, the easiest way I found was to install the RealVNC client (in theory you can also use Remmina for VNC, but it didn’t work for me).
So, I recommend downloading RealVNC viewer here.
Leave the default option (Standalone) if it is to use once, but I advise you to choose the .deb or the .rpm according to your OS, to have the RealVNC shortcut in the programs.
In most cases, you can install it by double-clicking on the file:
But if necessary you can do it on the command line, for example:
Debian like : dpkg -i VNC-Viewer-6.18.625-Linux-x64.deb
Redhat like : rpm -ihv VNC-Viewer-6.18.625-Linux-x64.rpm
Then the use of RealVNC is super simple, just indicate the IP of Raspberry Pi and validate.
Access will be automatically bookmarked for future times.
From Windows
From Windows it is the same thing, you can download and install RealVNC from their official website.
Then launch the software via the start menu, type the IP of the Raspberry Pi and here you are connected to the remote desktop.
The requested logins are the usual users of the system (for example pi/raspberry if you have not changed the password)
From Mac OS
RealVNC is also available for Mac OS, so just get and install it and then follow the same steps as below.
From a smartphone
RealVNC also provides an app for iOS and Android smartphones so that you can use it every time, everywhere.
4. Best for External Access: Teamviewer
Introduction
Teamviewer is a proprietary software very close to VNC for remote desktop use but adds additional features, mostly business-oriented.
For example, Teamviewer facilitates remote access to a machine in another building/city over the Internet.
There is no need to open a specific port for each computer as with previous solutions.
By default, TeamViewer connects on port 5938 but can also use ports 80 and 443 if not opened (so it will work natively most of the time).
Installation
The installation is not obvious because even if it is mentioned in the documentation of a package for the ARM, it is not present in the Linux download links and there isn’t a Raspberry Pi category.
The download is done from this page. You should be able to open this page from your Raspberry Pi, download the correct version (32 or 64 bits) and then install it with the graphical tool.
But if needed, I’ll give you the installation procedure from a terminal, without having to go to their site:
- Get the ARM package for TeamViewer:
wget https://download.teamviewer.com/download/linux/teamviewer-host_armhf.deb - Install it:
sudo dpkg -i teamviewer-host_armhf.deb - You will get some dependencies errors, fix them by doing:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -f install - If you have a TeamViewer account (paid version), you can configure it by doing:
sudo teamviewer setup - Otherwise, you will need to set a password to connect, like this:
sudo teamviewer passwd YOURPASSWORD - And then you can just get the Raspberry Pi ID in this way:
sudo teamviewer info
From Linux
On Linux, start by downloading the TeamViewer client from the official website.
Then install it with your package manager or by doing something like:sudo dpkg -i teamviewer_15.25.5_amd64.deb
Start the app via the Start menu or by typing “TeamViewer” in a terminal.
Log in if you have an account.
Then enter the TeamViewer ID from the Raspberry Pi in the Partner ID field and press enter.
It will ask you the password defined previously and connect to the Raspberry Pi in remote desktop.
From Windows and Mac OS
For Windows and Mac OS users it’s the same procedure, so I will not repeat it.
Download Teamviewer, install it and then enter ID & Password previously set.
From a smartphone
TeamViewer provides support for its software to Android, iPhone, Windows and Blackberry smartphones.
It is, therefore, possible to use the app in the same way to make spontaneous support from anywhere.
5. Remote desktop with NoMachine
Introduction
NoMachine is another remote desktop access tool that you can use with your RaspberryPi.
NoMachine is based on the NX protocol, which was created to improve the performance of the classic X display.
Using it is very close to the experience you have with VNC.
If used behind a firewall, please note that NoMachine uses port 4000 for connections from the client.
It is possible to change the default ports in the administration tools of the NoMachine server.
Installation
NoMachine is provided for Raspberry Pi so that you can get the package corresponding to your environment on this page.
Currently, ARMv8 is only for 64 bits systems, so if you don’t have a 64-bits OS, download the ARMv7 version, even on a Pi 4/400.
Download it with your web browser and double-click on the downloaded file to install it.
Or you can do everything in a terminal with:wget https://download.nomachine.com/download/7.7/Raspberry/nomachine_7.7.4_1_armhf.debsudo dpkg -i nomachine_7.7.4_1_armhf.deb
Replace the version number with the one you get.
Be patient as the installation may take a few minutes depending on your Raspberry Pi model.
Once complete, the NoMachine icon will appears in the upper-right corner.
From any OS
Once the installation is complete on the Raspberry Pi, you have to install it on the client computer as well.
Go back to the official site and download, this time, the version corresponding to your computer.
Install the downloaded file and launch NoMachine.
An assistant will start, then NoMachine will automatically detect your Raspberry Pi on the network.
You have to double click on the Raspberry Pi to connect.
It will ask you for your credentials (pi/raspberry or the password you have defined), and you will be logged in.
From a smartphone
NoMachine is also available for Android and iOS so that you can connect to your Raspberry Pi from anywhere.
Conclusion
So we learned to connect to the remote desktop in 5 ways:
- With the Xrdp package that provides a Windows-like remote desktop.
- With SSH and X11 Forwarding that allows launching an app on the client computer (and not the entire desktop).
- With VNC that enables local access to the Raspberry Pi.
- With Teamviewer which allows among others remote access to the Raspberry Pi.
- With NoMachine that allows local access more elegantly and quickly than VNC.
So, what is your favorite?
In my opinion, I think that VNC and NoMachine are my favorites, with a quick and clean display, without the heaviness of Teamviewer.
