In this project Najmeddine is going to show you how to build a complete Raspberry Pi based home surveillance system in which you can manage all your cameras from one single place using MotionEyeOS. The system built also allows you to save your frames from all your cameras in a 1TB SATA drive.
Project Overview
The surveillance system built includes: one Raspberry Pi acting as a HUB with 1TB SATA, and 4 cameras (each one connected to a Raspberry Pi Zero W) that can be monitored through the HUB.
All devices are connected to your local network, and you can access all the cameras through the hub using a browser on your computer (or other device on the local network). The following figure shows a high-level overview of the project.
Parts Required
Here are all the parts needed for this project.
Hub:
- 1x Raspberry Pi 3 (or any other model you have)
- 1x MicroSD Card 8 or 16GB – the fastest you can afford
- 1x SATA 2.5” disk drive. This project uses a 1TB drive
- 1x SATA to USB cable
- 1x 5V power supply capable of powering both the Raspberry Pi and the SATA drive separately
Cameras:
- 4x Raspberry Pi Zero W (with built-in Wi-Fi)
- 4x Raspberry Pi Camera
- 4x MicroSD Card 8 or 16GB – the fastest you can afford
- 4x Standard micro usb 5V 2.5A power supply
Hub Setup
The Raspberry Pi Hub setup consists of a Raspberry Pi 2 Model B (if you have a RPi 3, use that board instead) with a Sandisk Ultra 16GB class 10. There is a 1TB SATA drive connected to the Pi with a SATA-USB cable.
The Raspberry Pi is being powered with a 12VDC 1500mA wallwart connected to 2A DC-DC converter set to around 5.2V output.
Note: I have been doing some experimentation with powering RPi 2 and 3 and found that using a 12V 1500mA wallwart adapter and a 3 or 5A DC-DC converter with short leads seems more capable and often cheaper than a big 3A wallwart adapter, and gives you a 12V supply for other associated hardware.
Note: I have found that my SATA drive is capable of being powered by the RPi 2 USB without a powered USB hub. You may not be as lucky. A friend of mine has suggested putting a beefy cap in parallel with the RPi power input
Cameras Setup
The setup for the cameras consists of 4 Raspberry Pi Zero W with a Sandisk Ultra 16GB class 10. Each Raspberry Pi Zero W board is connected to a camera.
The Raspberry Pi boards are being powered with a 12V DC 1500mA wallwart connected to 5A DC-DC converter set to around 5.2V output (this is a temporary setup for testing, after testing that everything is working fine, each Raspberry Pi Zero W should have a separated power supply).
In this setup, the power leads yellow/black are soldered directly to the back of the Raspberry Pi Zero board.
1. Installing MotionEyeOS on the RPi Hub
You need to install MotionEyeOS on your Raspberry Pi, preferably a Raspberry Pi 2 or Raspberry Pi 3. This board will act as the hub.
Burning MotionEye image to the microSD card
Follow the next steps to install MotionEyeOS on the microSD card for your Pi.
- Format the microSD card. You can use the SD Card Formatter software.
- Choose and download the right image for your device: MotionEyeOS releases page. If you’re using the Raspberry Pi 3, choose motioneyeos-raspberrypi3-xxxxxxxx.img.gz.
- Extract the image from the .zip folder.
- Use Etcher or Win32 Disk Imager to write the image onto the SD card.
Booting MotionEye for the first time
Your microSD card is now ready. Follow these next steps to boot MotionEyeOS on your RPi 2 or 3:
- Insert the microSD in the Raspberry Pi
- Connect the SATA drive or any other drive you intend to use to store files
- Connect the RJ45 ethernet cable to your network.
- Temporarily connect a camera to the Raspberry Pi even if you don’t intend using one in the future. You can remove after all the configuration has been completed.
- Connect the power supply to power it up.
- Wait a couple of minutes while it configures itself.
Finding the Raspberry Pi IP Addess
To access MotionEyeOS from your browser, you need the find the Raspberry Pi IP address. To find your Raspberry Pi IP address, you can use Fing, AngryIPScanner or any other similar software. The IP you’re looking for is the one with “meye” on the name, as shown in the following figure.
Alternatively, you can also look at your router DHCP table, or you can connect an HDMI monitor before startup.
2. Installing MotionEyeOS on the RPi Zero W boards
You need to do this procedure for each of your Raspberry Pi Zero W boards.
Burning MotionEye image to the microSD card
Follow the next steps to install MotionEyeOS on the microSD card for your Pi.
- Format the microSD card. You can use the SD Card Formatter software.
- Choose and download the right image for your device: MotionEyeOS releases page. If you’re using the Raspberry Pi Zero, choose motioneyeos-raspberrypi-xxxxxxxx.img.gz.
- Extract the image from the .zip folder.
- Use Etcher or Win32 Disk Imager to write the image onto the SD card.
Setting the Network Credentials
Important note: when burning the ISO to the SD card for the Raspberry Pi Zero W boards, do not eject the card before following the next procedure to set your WiFi credentials. If you do not do this now, the Pi Zero will not log onto your Wi-Fi network and constantly reboot annoyingly requiring you to re-image the SD card.
Follow the next procedure to set your network credentials for each of your Raspberry Pi Zero W boards.
- Open Notepad or a similar text editor, and create a new file called Wpa_supplicant.conf
- Copy the following lines to your file: country=FR update_config=1 ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant network={ ssid=”extn2″ psk=”your-password” id_str=”extn2″ }
- Change the country code to your country, and use your SSID and password. Do include the quote marks.
- Save your file. Important: when you save the file ensure it is Wpa_supplicant.conf and not Wpa_supplicant.conf.txt as this will not work!
- Copy your Wpa_supplicant.conf file to the root of the SD card.
Setting Multiple Access Points (optional)
Thinking ahead, if you have multiple Access Points (AP) around your house and you want to move your Raspberry Pi Zero Cameras to one of those locations, it would be a good idea to include the SSID and Password for those APs at this point.
The main reason to do this now is I cannot find a way to edit the Wpa_supplicant.conf file after the Raspberry Pi Zero Cameras have configured itself, so it has to be done now. I have tested this and it does work although the change of AP credentials is not reflected in the Network section of the MotionEyeOS GUI. The point is that it does work.
Here is my example Wpa_supplicant.conf file for reference:
country=FR
update_config=1
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={
ssid="extn2"
psk="your-password"
id_str="extn2"
}
network={
ssid="external"
psk="your-password"
id_str="external"
}
network={
ssid="SFR_DDF0"
psk="your-password"
id_str="SFR_Rtr"
}
network={
ssid="new_loft"
psk="your-password"
id_str="new_loft"
}
Change the country code to your country code, and insert the right SSID and password for your multiple access points.
Booting MotionEye for the first time
After having the microSD card properly prepared follow the next steps to boot MotionEye on the Pi Zero for the first time:
1. Eject the SD card from your PC and insert it into your Raspberry Pi Zero.
2. Attach the camera. When using a Raspberry Pi camera with the Pi Zero, you need to use an adapter cable as shown in the following figure.
3. Apply power to the Raspberry Pi Zero board.
4. Wait a couple of minutes while it configures itself.
Finding the Raspberry Pi Zero W IP Address
Now, look for your Raspberry Pi Zero W IP address, as you did for the Raspberry Pi Hub. The IP you’re looking for is the one with “meye” on the name.
Alternatively, you can also look at your router DHCP table, or you can connect an HDMI monitor before startup using a micro HDMI adopter.
3. Configuring the RPi Boards on MotionEye
To access each of your Raspberry Pi boards, open your browser and type the Raspberry Pi IP address. You’ll be presented with the MotionEye Login Page. The username is admin, and there is no password, so leave the password field blank.
You should see a live image from the camera at this point. If not, check that you’ve properly connected the camera ribbon.
You need to set the following configurations in all your boards (the Raspberry Pi Zero W, and the Raspberry Pi Hub).
Follow the next steps for all your Raspberry Pi boards.
1. Use the menu icon at the top left to expand all menus.
2. For security reasons, in the “General Settings” change the password for the admin user.
3. Turn ON “Advanced Settings”.
4. Fix the IP address of your RPi boards to something outside the range of your DHCP server. Say 200 and above, for example.
5. Set the Time Zone and Hostname.
6. In case of the Raspberry Pi Zero, the wireless network and password were automatically picked up from the Wpa_supplicant.conf file.
7. Apply the settings, which will require a reboot and you will have to point your browser at the new IP you have just chosen.
8. Press “Check for a new software update” and it will download, install, and reboot if there is a software update. This will take approximately 5 minutes.
Note: If at any time you have trouble logging into your RPi, try clearing your cache or use your browser in ‘Incognito mode’.
4. RPi Zero W Specific Configuration
Follow the next steps for configuring each of your Raspberry Pi Zero W boards in MotionEye.
1. Give the camera a name.
2. Change the camera resolution to 800×600.
3. Rotate camera image if required.
4. Ensure Text overlay is on.
5. Video Streaming is off.
6. Still Images is on.
7. Set Capture Mode to manual.
8. Under motion settings set motion gap to 2 and minimum motion frames to 5.
The above will reduce the amount of data/frames initially whilst you configure and test the system.
Do not change any of the other settings for the time being. If you need to know the default Frame change threshold it was 3.5%.
Repeat this process for all your Raspberry Pi Zero W boards.
5. RPi Hub Specific Configuration
Access your Raspberry Pi Hub, and follow the next steps for configuration
1. Go to “Services” and turn all on. Apply the settings – this will reboot your Raspberry Pi.
2. Use FileZilla or equivalent from your PC to set up a directory structure on the SATA drive. Once logged in with FileZilla you should see something like the following figure.
3. The MotionEyeOS seems to automatically create 2 shares: sdcard and storage. Double click “storage” and create a directory structure to suit your camera needs. The following figure shows how I configured my structure.
4. Go back to your web browser connected to your Raspberry Pi Hub.
5. Go to “File Storage” and choose the “Mass Storage” device. See the figure below for my configuration. Yours may differ.
This configures the SATA drive for storage of the local camera whether you use it subsequently or not. This section may seem pointless but without a camera connected initially none of the local file storage options appear.
6. Configuring File Storage For the RPi Zero
Follow the next steps to configure file storage for each of your Raspberry Pi Zero W boards.
- Log on to each Raspberry Pi Zero.
- Configure the file storage as shown in the figure below.
You will notice I have chosen network share in the drop down menu and entered the IP of the Raspberry Pi Hub which has the SATA drive attached.
The share name is vital and in that exact format. The last part of the share name is the specific file storage directory you set up with FileZilla above.
Enter username and password as normal, and root directory should be just /.
Use the test button to confirm the settings. This took me many hours to get right but the above configuration worked fine for me eventually.
Note: I think there is a bug in the system regarding the Disk usage indicator as this is incorrect, unless it just represents local storage.
Testing the Setup
That is all the complicated configuration done!
You can now go to each camera and click on the live image. It will then display an option to take a manual picture, browse saved pictures etc.
Once you are happy with the way the RPi Zero cameras are taking pictures, you can turn motion detection on and see the frames start to flood in. You can configure motion notification, and much more.
7. Add the Cameras to the RPi Hub
Finally you can log into the Raspberry Pi Hub and add the remote Raspberry Pi Zero cameras to allow viewing and administration through one point.
- At the top left corner, there is a drop down with the existing local camera, and an option to Add camera.
- Click “add camera”. In the new dialogue window that pops ups, drop down to choose “Remote motionEye Camera”.
- Enter the address of the Raspberry Pi Zero W camera you would like to add in the following format in the URL http://192.168.1.212:80
- Enter the username and password and it will automatically see the camera attached to the Raspberry Pi Zero W, if the info is correct. Press OK. The following figure shows this configuration setup.
The remote camera can now be selected from the top drop down menu and viewed or administered from the Hub. Do this procedure for all your Raspberry Pi Zero W cameras.
Once you’ve done that, all cameras can be monitored through the Raspberry Pi Hub.
Enclosures and Power Supplies for Raspberry Pi Zero Cameras
After building your Raspberry Pi based CCTV system using MotionEyeOS you need to mount your cameras in an enclosure of some sort and power it with something – it is virtually guaranteed you will not have a plug socket near where you want to install your camera. In this project I powered my cameras from my existing PIR Floodlights.
Power
With a little research I found that the Raspberry Pi Zero with a ZeroCam or a ZeroCam Noir or a ZeroCam Fisheye draws a maximum of 280mA and an average of 215mA. So, I opted to use some 99p AC-DC power supplies from eBay. Rated at 3.5W.
Specifications:
- Input voltage: AC 85 ~ 265 v 50/60 hz or DC 100~ 370 v
- Imput current: 0.0273A(AC110V) 0.014A(AC220V)
- Input Inrush Current: 20A
- Output voltage: DC 5V (+ / – 0.2 V)
- Output current 700 mA
- Power 3.5 W
- Operating temperature -20~60℃
- Relative humidity 40-90%RH
- Output 5V, min current 0a, max current 700mA, peak current: 800mA, output range: 4.8~5.2v, ripple wave: 60mV
- Output power:0-4W(DC current)
- Output efficiency: 80%
- Switch machine overshoot: MAX 10%
- Output voltage rise time: MAX 100MS
- Output over voltage: 4.8-5.2V, recovery:Lock, restart after recovery
- Output over power protection:YES ,recovery:Lock, restart after recovery
- Short-circuit protection: YES, automatic recovery after problem solved
- Temperature protection: YES,recovery:Lock, restart after recovery
- Overcurrent protection: YES,recovery:Lock, restart after recovery
So connecting this up with short DC leads and plugging it into a mains power monitor I got the following results:
- 239V
- 0.015A
- 1.5W
- 7VA
- 49.9pF
So, to run the camera for a year will cost:
13.14kWh x 0.15 = 1.97€. (My electricity is 0.15€ per kWh) –> Won’t break the bank!
Enclosure Ideas
I had some dummy security enclosures and opening one up and with minimal modifications I managed to fit the Raspberry Pi Zero W with the camera and power supply inside with ease. It doesn’t seem to affect the picture that much. The dummy camera enclosure was £4 from eBay. And it looks very professional!
Another approach is placing 2 cameras in one enclosure. So, I used a standard project box (75x100x40mm), one of the AC-DC power supplies shown above, and some hot glue and insect netting to cover the air holes, as shown in the figure below.
Wrapping Up
In this post you’ve show you how you can build your own surveillance system using MotionEyeOS. The surveillance system built allows you to monitor 4 different cameras, each one connected to a RPi Zero, that can be monitored through one Raspberry Pi Hub. This system allows you to monitor all your cameras, as well as save frames on a storage device.
We hope you’ve found this project useful and that you can modify it to fulfill your needs.
If you liked this project you may also like:
- Install MotionEyeOS on Raspberry Pi – Surveillance Camera System
- What’s the Best Raspberry Pi Camera for your project?
- Guide to Raspberry Pi Camera V2 Module
- Build a Home Automation System
